Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa chubu chopopera chopopera mafuta ndi chitoliro cha gasi
Chitoliro chachikulu chopanda msoko, chubu cha boiler chothamanga kwambiri ndi mtundu wa chubu cha boiler, ndi gulu la chubu lachitsulo chosasinthika.Njira yopangira ndi yofanana ndi chitoliro chopanda msoko, koma pali zofunika kwambiri pamtundu wazitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitoliro chachitsulo.Chubu cha boiler choponderezedwa nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwambiri, chubu cha boiler chokwera kwambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga kupanikizika kwambiri komanso chubu chapamwamba cha boiler chotenthetsera, chubu chotenthetsera, chitoliro, chitoliro chachikulu cha nthunzi ndi zina zotero.
Chubu chotsika komanso chapakatikati cha boiler ya GB3087-2008, chubu chopopera chapamwamba cha GB5310-2008 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mitundu yonse yamitundu yotsika ya boiler yotentha kwambiri, chubu lamadzi otentha ndi boiler yamoto yotentha kwambiri, chubu chachikulu chautsi, chubu chaching'ono chautsi. ndi Chitoliro njerwa chitoliro chitoliro apamwamba mpweya structural zitsulo otentha adagulung'undisa ndi ozizira kukokedwa (anagulung'undisa) opanda zitsulo chubu.Chitoliro chosasunthika chachitsulo (GB/T8162-2008) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapangidwe ambiri komanso makina a chitoliro chopanda chitsulo.
Mafotokozedwe ndi khalidwe la maonekedwe: GB5310-2008 "Chitsulo chosasunthika chopopera chopopera" chotentha chozungulira chitoliro 22 ~ 530mm, makulidwe a khoma 20 ~ 70mm.Kuzizira kukokedwa (ozizira adagulung'undisa) chubu awiri 10 ~ 108mm, khoma makulidwe 2.0 ~ 13.0mm.
Chitoliro chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera ndi mawu ambiri a chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ena amtanda kupatula chitoliro chozungulira.Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa gawo zitsulo chitoliro chitoliro, akhoza kugawidwa mu ofanana khoma makulidwe apadera-woboola pakati zitsulo chitoliro (code D), osalingana khoma makulidwe wapadera woboola pakati zitsulo chitoliro (code BD), variable awiri apadera- chitoliro chachitsulo chosasinthika (code BJ).Machubu achitsulo osasinthika apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana, zida ndi zida zamakina.Poyerekeza ndi chubu chozungulira, chubu chowoneka bwino nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mphindi yokulirapo ya inertia ndi gawo modulus, chimakhala ndi kupindika kwakukulu komanso kukana kwa torsion, kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kulemera kwake, kupulumutsa chitsulo.
Chitoliro Chachikulu Chopanda Msokonezo, Mapangidwe a Chemical
(1) GB3087-2008 "Seamless Steel pipe for Low and medium pressure boiler" zopatsa.Njira yoyesera yopangira mankhwala molingana ndi gb222-84 ndi GB223 "Njira Zowunikira Mankhwala a Zitsulo ndi Aloyi" gawo lofunikira.
(2)GB5310-2008 "Seamless Steel Tube for high pressure boiler" zopatsa.Njira yoyeserera ya Chemical molingana ndi GB222-84 ndi "Njira Yowunikira Chemical ya Iron ndi Zitsulo ndi Aloyi", GB223 "Njira yowunikira mankhwala a Iron ndi Steel ndi Alloy".
(3) Kuwunika kwa Chemicals kwa chitoliro chachitsulo chotenthetsera kunja kudzachitidwa molingana ndi mfundo zomwe zafotokozedwa mu mgwirizano.
Chemical CompositionHigh Pressure Seamless Pipe, Gulu Lachitsulo
(1) High khalidwe mpweya structural zitsulo 20G, 20MnG, 25MnG.
(2) Aloyi dongosolo zitsulo 15MoG, 20MoG, 12CrMoG, 15CrMoG, 12Cr2MoG, 12CrMoVG, 12Cr3MoVSiTiB, etc.
(3) Dzimbiri kutentha zosagwira zitsulo ambiri ntchito 1Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni11Nb kukatentha chubu kuwonjezera kuonetsetsa mankhwala zikuchokera ndi katundu makina, kuchita madzi kuthamanga mayeso, kupanga flaring, psinjika mayeso.Machubu achitsulo amaperekedwa m'malo ochizira kutentha.
Kuphatikiza apo, microstructure, kukula kwa tirigu ndi decarburization wosanjikiza wa machubu omalizidwa achitsulo amafunikiranso.
Chitoliro Chachikulu Chopanda Msokonezo, Katundu Wakuthupi Wa
(1) GB3087-82 "Seamless zitsulo chubu kwa otsika ndi sing'anga kuthamanga kukatentha boiler" makonzedwe.Kuyesa kwamphamvu molingana ndi GB/T228-87, kuyesa kwa hydraulic molingana ndi GB/T241-90, kuyesa kosalala molingana ndi GB/T246-97, kuyesa kwamoto molingana ndi GB/T242-97, kuyezetsa kozizira molingana ndi GB244-97.
(2) GB5310-95 "Seamless zitsulo chubu kwa kukanika kukatentha" makonzedwe.Kuyesa kwamphamvu, kuyesa kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi kuyesa kwa flattening ndizofanana ndi gb3087-82;Impact mayeso malinga GB229-94, flaring mayeso malinga GB/T242-97, tirigu kukula mayeso malinga YB/T5148-93;Malinga ndi GB13298-91 kwa microstructure anayendera, GB224-87 kwa decarburization wosanjikiza anayendera ndi GB/T5777-96 kwa akupanga anayendera.
(3) Kuyang'anira katundu wakuthupi ndi zizindikiro za machubu otenthetsera omwe amatumizidwa kunja kudzachitika molingana ndi mfundo zomwe zafotokozedwa mu mgwirizano.
Chitoliro Chapamwamba Chopanda Msokonezo, Njira Zopangira
Mkulu kuthamanga opanda chitoliro，Ndi mtundu wa chubu wopanda msoko.Njira yopangira ndi yofanana ndi chitoliro chopanda msoko, koma pali zofunika kwambiri pamtundu wazitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitoliro chachitsulo.Malinga ndi ntchito kutentha lagawidwa mitundu iwiri ya ambiri boiler chubu ndi mkulu-anzanu kukatentha kukatentha chubu.
① High kuthamanga opanda msokonezo chitoliro, Pamene kutentha ntchito ndi pansipa 450 ℃, chitoliro zoweta makamaka zopangidwa no.10 ndi No.20 mpweya womangidwa zitsulo otentha adagulung'undisa chitoliro kapena chitoliro ozizira kukopeka.
② Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa chitoliro chopanda msoko, Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito, chitolirocho chimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri.Pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa gasi ndi nthunzi yamadzi, makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi dzimbiri zidzachitika.Chitoliro chachitsulo chimafunika kuti chikhale ndi mphamvu zolimba kwambiri, kukana kwa kutukuta kwa okosijeni komanso kukhazikika kwa microstructure.
| Standard | Chitsulo kalasi | Kapangidwe ka mankhwala (%) | |||||||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Cu | Ni | V | AL | W | Nb | N | ||
| ASME Mtengo wa SA106 | Mtengo wa SA106B | 0.17 ~ 0.25 | ≥0.1 | 0.7 ~1.0 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | |||||||||
| Mtengo wa SA106C | 0.23 ~ 0.27 | ≥0.1 | 0.7 ~1.0 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ||||||||||
| ASME Mtengo wa SA333 | SA333I | 0.09 ~ 0.12 | / | 0.7 ~1.0 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.01 | |||||||||
| SA333II | 0.09 ~ 0.12 | ≥0.1 | 0.9 ndi 1.1 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.01 | ||||||||||
| ASME A335 | SA335P11 | 0.05 ~ 0.15 | 0.5 ~1.0 | 0.3 ~ 0.6 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | 1.0 ~ 1.5 | 0.5 ~1.0 | |||||||
| SA335P12 | 0.05 ~ 0.15 | ≤0.5 | 0.3~ pa 0.6 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | 0.8 ~ 1.25 | 0.44 ~ 0.65 | ||||||||
| SA335P22 | 0.05 ~ 0.15 | ≤0.5 | 0.3~ pa 0.6 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | 1.9 ~ 2.6 | 0.87 ~ 1.13 | ||||||||
| SA335P5 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 0.3~ pa 0.6 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | 4.0 ~ 6.0 | 0.45 ~ 0.65 | ||||||||
| SA335P91 | 0.08 ~ 0.12 | 0.2 ~ 0.5 | 0.3~ pa 0.6 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.01 | 8.0 ~ 9.5 | 0.85 ~ 1.05 | ≤0.4 | 0.18 ~ 0.25 | ≤0.015 | 0.06 ~0.1 | 0.03 ~ 0.07 | |||
| SA335P92 | 0.07 ~ 0.13 | ≤0.5 | 0.3~ pa 0.6 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.01 | 8.5 ~ 9.5 | 0.3~ pa 0.6 | B0.001 0.006 | ≤0.4 | 0.15 ~ 0.25 | ≤0.015 | 1.5 ~2.0 | 0.04 ~ 0.09 | 0.03 ~ 0.07 | |
| DIN 17175 | ST45.8III | ≤0.21 | 0.1 ~ 0.35 | 0.4 ~ 1.2 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.3 | ||||||||
| 15 mo3 | 0.12 ~ 0.2 | 0.1 ~ 0.35 | 0.4 ~ 0.8 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | 0.25 ~ 0.35 | |||||||||
| 13CrMo44 | 0.1 ~ 0.18 | 0.1 ~ 0.35 | 0.4 ~ 0.7 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | 0.7 ~ 1.1 | 0.45 ~ 0.65 | ||||||||
| Mtengo wa 10CrMo910 | 0.08 ~ 0.15 | ≤0.5 | 0.3 ~ 0.7 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.02 | 2.0 ~ 2.5 | 0.9 ~ 1.1 | ≤ 0.3 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.015 | 0.015 ~ 0.045 | ||||
| EN10216 -2 | WB36 | ≤0.17 | 0.25 ~ 0.5 | 0.8 ~ 1.2 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.3 | 0.25 ~ 0.5 | 0.5 ~ 0.8 | 1.0 ~1.3 | ≤0.015 | ||||
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