Zomangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri chitoliro
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Chitoliro Chachitsulo
Mapaipi achitsulo ndi machubu a cylindrical opangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zambiri popanga ndi zomangamanga.Ndiwo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mafakitale azitsulo.Chitoliro chachikulu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula zinthu zamadzimadzi kapena gasi pansi pa nthaka—kuphatikizapo mafuta, gasi, ndi madzi.Komabe, mapaipi amitundu yosiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi pomanga.Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino chopangira nyumba ndi chitoliro chopapatiza chachitsulo chomwe chimayendetsa makina oziziritsa mu furiji.Ntchito yomanga imagwiritsa ntchito mapaipi potenthetsa ndi mapaipi.Zomangamanga zimatha kumangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mipope yachitsulo ya makulidwe osiyanasiyana, monga ma handrail, mizati yanjinga, kapena zitoliro.
William Murdoch akuganiziridwa kuti ndiye mpainiya wa mapaipi achitsulo.Mu 1815, adalumikizana ndi migolo ya muskets pamodzi kuti athandizire dongosolo loyatsira nyali.Murdoch anagwiritsa ntchito makina ake opangira mapaipi kunyamula gasi wa malasha kupita ku nyali m'misewu ya London.
Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1800, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika muukadaulo wa mapaipi achitsulo, kuphatikiza kukonza njira zopangira, kupanga mapulogalamu oti azigwiritsa ntchito, ndikukhazikitsa malamulo ndi miyezo yomwe imayendetsa ziphaso zawo.
Kupanga chitoliro chachitsulo
Kuyambira kusungunula zopangira mpaka kuumba kapena kuwotcherera, zomangira zomwe zimapezeka paliponse zimapangidwa kudzera munjira ziwiri zazikulu:
Njira zonsezi ziyenera kuyamba ndikupanga zitsulo zabwino.Chitsulo chaiwisi chimapangidwa ndi ma foundries kudzera munjira yosungunula zopangira mu ng'anjo.Kuti kapangidwe kake kakhale koyenera, zinthu zitha kuwonjezeredwa kuchitsulo chosungunuka, ndikuchotsa zonyansa.Chitsulo chosungunuka chomwe chimatsanulidwa chimatsanuliridwa mu nkhungu kuti chipange ma ingots kapena chimasamutsidwa kumakina osalekeza kuti apange ma slabs, billets, ndi maluwa.Chitolirocho chimapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu ziwiri izi: slabs kapena billets.
Njira yoyeretsera
1. ntchito yoyamba ya zosungunulira kuyeretsa zitsulo pamwamba, pamwamba pa organic kanthu kuchotsa,
2. Kenako gwiritsani ntchito zida kuchotsa dzimbiri (waya burashi), chotsani sikelo yotayirira kapena yopendekeka, dzimbiri, zitsulo zowotcherera, etc.,
3. kugwiritsa ntchito pickling.
Chitoliro chamadzi chosapanga dzimbiri
Kuchita kwa zinthu za chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri palokha kumakhala kokhazikika, ndipo kulimba kwa chitoliro chamadzi chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chachikulu kwambiri, ndipo chimakhala ndi ductility yabwino komanso kulimba.Mphamvu yapamwamba ya mipope yamadzi yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri imachepetsa kwambiri kuthekera kwa kutuluka kwa madzi chifukwa cha zotsatira zakunja ndi zisonkhezero, motero kuchepetsa kulowa kwa madzi omwe alipo panopa, kuti madzi atetezedwe bwino ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Mipope yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madzi ena otentha ndi ozizira, komanso kuyeretsa madzi, mpweya, ndi zina za petrochemical ndi zina.
Mipope yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri imatha kuchepetsa kutaya kwa kutentha m'mapaipi amadzi otentha.Ndipo zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi 100% zongowonjezwdwa, sizingabweretse kuipitsidwa kwina kwa chilengedwe, wogwiritsa ntchito akamaliza, amabwerera ku fakitale kuti akakonzenso kupanga chinthu chatsopano.Mipope yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zina, ntchito yabwino kwambiri ndi kuyerekezera mtengo ndi mapaipi amadzi osapanga dzimbiri.Utumiki wake nthawi zambiri umakhala wautali.Zinganenedwe kuti mtengo wocheperako umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza phindu lalikulu.
